Roman Conquests: Egypt and Judaea - John D. Grainger

Ptolemaic Egypt was last of the Macedonian Successor states to be swallowed up by the expansion of Roman power. Cleopatra, last of the Ptolemies, was a Roman ally but backed the wrong side in the Roman civil war due to her famous love affair with Marc Antony. She and Antony were defeated at the naval battle of Actium in 31 BC.